Research Plan

A Research plan is , A detail description of a proposed study, the study . its hypothesis, description of the steps that will be followed in the study and information about the analysis of the collected data. the plan provide a guide for conducting the study;-------

Research Plan

A good research plan should included the following answer and information.

Basic information

• Your name and affiliation
• Topic i.e Title of the thesis 

Background 

• Brief introduction of the research field ( include relevant references 
• Motivation for the ( what is it important)

Objectives and methods

• Define clearly the research questions ( what are you going to study)
• Describe the methods ( how are you going to answer the questions)
• Possible Hypothesis ( depending on the methods)

Results

• What kinds of results are expected (tool, framework, new theory ,new technical solution, etc)
• Practical relevant of the expected results ( How to apply result)
• Are you planning to do write a monograph or a compilation dissertation( introduction, collection of scientific articles)

Timetable

• Schedule your research ( main phase of the research and timetable for them)
• Publication plan (if you are going to publish article,) initial and publication schedule

Resources and collaboration

• How is your topic related to the precious / ongoing research in the faculty of information technology / connections to research groups / ongoing research project
• National and international research collaboration( planned and already existing connections)
• Other collaboration ( companies ,other organization etc)

List of References

what is qualitative and quantitative data l qualitative and quantitative...

Qualitative data

Graphical results of qualitative and quantitative data in research papers
Quantitative research involves numbers and statistics, while qualitative research involves words and meanings.

Quantitative  data

 Quantitative methods allow you to test hypotheses by systematically collecting and analyzing data, while qualitative methods allow you to explore ideas and experiences in depth. 

how to analyze primary source l how to analyze primary sources in resear...

When analyzing the main sources, you will take on the most important work of a historian. There is no better way to understand past events than to check the sources of information left by people in these periods, whether the information is journals, newspaper articles, letters, court records, novels, artworks, music, or autobiography.
Every historian, including you, will use sources with different experience and skills, so the document will be interpreted differently. Remember, there is no correct explanation. However, if you do not work carefully, you may come up with wrong interpretations.

1. In order to analyze the main sources, you need information about two things: the document itself and the era it came from. You can get information about the time period based on the readings you do in class and in class. You need to consider the document itself. When starting to analyze the source, the following questions may help you:
2. Look at the physical properties of the source. This feature is especially important and powerful if you are dealing with the original source (that is, the actual old letter, rather than the transcription and release version of the same letter). What can you learn from the source code form? (Is it written on fancy paper with fine handwriting or on note paper with pencil?)
3. What does this tell you? Consider the purpose of the source. What is the author’s message or argument? What is he/she trying to travel through? Is the message an explicit message or an implicit message?
4. How does the author try to convey information?
5. What method does he/she use? What do you know about the author? Race, gender, class, occupation, religion, age, region, political beliefs? Does it matter? how about it? Who constitutes the target audience?
6. Is this source for the eyes of a person or for the public? How does this affect the source? What can reading the text (even the object) tell you? How does the language work? What are the important metaphors or symbols?
7. What can the author's language choice tell you? How about silence? What the author chooses not to talk about?

how to analyze qualitative data in research paper l step by step guide

Qualitative data analysis requires 5 steps:

 1. Prepare and organize data. 

Print out transcripts and collect notes, documents or other materials. Mark the source, any demographic information that may be collected, or any other information that helps you analyze the data. 

 2. View and browse the data.

This may require you to read the data multiple times to understand what it contains. You may want to keep notes about your thoughts, thoughts or any questions. 

 3. Create the initial code.

 Use highlighters, margin notes, pads, concept maps, or anything else that can help you connect data. Please refer to the attached document, which demonstrates how to highlight keywords and phrases and annotate in the margins to categorize the data.

 4. View these codes and revise or merge them into themes.

 Identify recurring themes, language, opinions and beliefs. 

 5. Present the subject in a coherent manner.

Consider your audience, the purpose of the research, and what should be included to best illustrate your data story.

how to quote a research paper l step by step guide

how to develop questionnaire for research paper l definition l types of ...

how to develop questionnaire for research paper l definition l types of Questionnaire l step by step

Questionnaire is a technique for collecting data, in which the respondent can provide answers to a series of questions. [1] It takes a lot of time and effort to develop a questionnaire that can collect the required data. However, by conducting the questionnaire gradually, you can come up with an effective way to collect data that can answer your unique research questions

how to write summary of a research paper l step by step guide l explanation

Writing abstracts for academic research papers is an important skill. It shows that you understand all the relevant information presented to you. However, writing an abstract can be difficult because it requires you to be completely objective and retain any analysis or criticism of yourself. By always keeping your goals in mind and focusing on the key points while reading this article, you can write a concise and accurate research abstract to prove that you understand the overall conclusion

how to review a journal article l step by step guide

how to write abstract for research paper l step by step guide l explana...

how to write abstract in research l step by step guide l explanation
If you need to write an abstract for an academic or scientific paper, don't panic! Your abstract is simply a short, stand-alone summary of the work or paper that others can use as an overview. An abstract describes what you do in your essay, whether it’s a scientific experiment or a literary analysis paper. It should help your reader understand the paper and help people searching for this paper decide whether it suits their purposes prior to reading. To write an abstract, finish your paper first, then type a summary that identifies the purpose, problem, methods, results, and conclusion of your work. After you get the details down, all that's left is to format it correctly. Since an abstract is only a summary of the work you've already done, it's easy to accomplish!

how to analyze qualitative data | step by step guide

Qualitative research is a type of social science research that collects and processes non-numerical data and attempts to explain meaning from these data to help understand social life by studying the target population or place.
People often design it as opposed to quantitative research. Quantitative research uses numerical data to identify large-scale trends and employs statistical operations to determine causality and correlation between variables.
In sociology, qualitative research usually focuses on the micro-social interactions that make up daily life, while quantitative research usually focuses on macro trends and phenomena.

How to conduct and write a literature review l with 5 steps

How to conduct and write a literature review l with 5 steps

A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question. It is often written as part of a thesis, dissertation, or research paper, in order to situate your work in relation to existing knowledge.

How to run a multi regression in excel | step by step guide

In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

Difference between 

ANOVA.

ANCOVA.

MANOVA.

MANCOVA.

ANOVA.

Analysis of variance.

ANOVA is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedure use to analyze the difference among group mean in the sample.

ANCOVA.

Analysis of covariance.

ANCOVA is a blend of analysis of variance(ANOVA) and regression .it is similar to factorial ANOVA.in that it can tell you what additional information you can get by considering one independent variable at a time. Without the influence of the others.

MANOVA.

Multivariate analysis of variance.

In statistics .multivariate of variance is a procedure for comparing multivariate sample means, as a multivariate procedure.it is used when there are two are more dependent variables and it is often followed by significance test involving individual dependent variable separately.

MANCOVA.

Multivariate analysis of co variance.

MANCOVA is an extension of analysis of co variance (ANCOVA) method to cover cases where is more than one dependent variable and where the control of concomitant continuous independent variables covariance.

How to run a regression analysis in SPSS

In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes used to estimate the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables..

How to Set Up a Database in the SPSS System | with Easy Steps

Market researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government agencies, education researchers, marketing organizations, data mining personnel, etc. use SPSS to process and analyze survey data.
Although Survey has powerful built-in reporting capabilities, when conducting in-depth statistical analysis, researchers believe that SPSS is the best-in-class solution.
Most top research institutions use SPSS to analyze survey data and mine text data in order to maximize the benefits from research projects.

How to enter data in SPSS l How to analyse data using SPSS l Step by ste...

How to enter data in SPSS l How to analyse data using SPSS l Step by step Guide
SPSS is the abbreviation of "Social Science Statistics Package", which is used by various researchers for complex statistical data analysis.
Created SPSS software package for management and statistical analysis of social science data. It was first launched by SPSS Inc. in 1968 and later acquired by IBM in 2009.
Officially known as IBM SPSS Statistics, most users still refer to it as SPSS. As the world standard for social science data analysis, SPSS is coveted for its intuitive, English-like command language and impressively detailed user manual.

Comparison between APA and MLA writing style

Comparison between APA and MLA writing style
APA is used in social sciences, such as: psychology, sociology, nursing, criminology, social work, business, education. The MLA format is used in the humanities, such as: history, literature, language, philosophy, art, theater, religion, anthropology, law, and politics.

What is Marketing

What is Marketing

Marketing is a action or business of promoting and selling product or services including market research and advertising.

Definition 2.

Marketing is the activity set of institutions and processes that create communicate .deliver and exchange products that are valuable to customers

Why study Marketing

There are many Reasons why we might want to study marketing

1. Market Delivers Value

Not only does marketing brings value to customers.it also translated into company value as the company builds a reliable customer base and increase its sales and probability. So when we say that marketing brings value then marketing increase value of customer and company.

2. Marketing Benefits Society

Marketing benefits people as a whole by improving people’s lives in two ways. as we mentioned it promote trade.

3. Marketing costs money,

Marketing can sometimes be the biggest expense associated with productivity a product. The costs involved in selling beverage as to customer

4. Marketing offers peoples career opportunities.

Marketing is the interface between produces and customers. This is a function in an organization where the entire enterprise is integrated making money for the company and bring customers satisfaction will make marketing a great career. The marketing profession offers a variety of jobs. Such as sales. merchandising advertising product development.

The Marketing concept

Definition

Market is a act of selling something to someone

·     Production

·     Product

·     Selling

·     Marketing

·     Social marketing

Production

Every marketing started with production because the company knows that customers favor good quality product. This means that production should be optimized accordingly it should be optimize the need of the customers.

Product

The product concept is not so much about the production and business output. The main focus is customer need and satisfaction because customer want that type of product that offer quality performance and innovative features.

Selling

Production and product concept are focus on production but selling concept focus on making an actual sale of the product. This concept is focus on making every possible sale of the product.

Marketing

A marketing concept is strategy that companies and marketing agencies that work for companies design and implement in order to satisfy customer’s needs, wants.demand and maximize profit.

Social Marketing

The social marketing concept is the most progressive and modern day applicable marketing. Mindset to have it is a marketing concept that believes in giving back to society by producing better product .that help the world be a better place.

Research Proposal Flow Chart

Henri fayol's 14 Principles of Management

Henri fayol's 14 Principles of Management

1. Division of work
Work should be divided into individuals or groups to ensure that energy and attention is focused on specific part of the task.
Fayol represent the specialization in the least way to utilize organizational human resource.
2. Authority
The concept of power and Responsibility are closely related .the right to make orders and obey fully.
Responsibility involve being accountable and is therefore naturally associated with authority .whoever assume as authority also assume responsibility.
3. Discipline
A successful organizational requires the common effort of workers. Penalties should be applied judiciously to encourage this common effort
4. Unity of command
Workers should receive orders from only one manager
5. Unity of Direction
The entire organization should be moving towards a common objective in a common direction
6. Sub ordinates of individual interests to the general interests
The interests of one person should not take priority over the interests of the organization as a whole
7. Remuneration (Rewards and benefits)
Many variables such as cost of living, supply of qualified personnel. General business condition and success of the business should be considered in determining a worker’s rate of pay.
8. Centralization
Centralization as lowering the importance of the subordinate’s role.
Decentralization is increasing the importance. The degree to which centralization or decentralization should be adopted depend on the specific organization in which the manager is working
9. Scalar chain
Manager in hierarchies are the part of chain like authority scale each manager from the first line supervisor to president possess certain amount of authority. The president possesses the most authority the first line supervisor the least.
Lower level manager should always keep upper level manager informed to their work .activities the existence of the scalar chain and adherence to it are necessary if the organization is to be successful
10.               Order
For the sake of efficiency and coordination .all material and peoples related to a specific kind of work should be treated as equally as possible
11.               Equity
All employs should be treated as equal as possible
12.               Stability of tenure of personnel
Retaining productive employees should always be a high priority of management, recruitment and selection. Cost as well as increased product-reject rate is usually hiring new workers
13.               Initiative
Management should take steps to encourage worked initiative ,which is defined as a new or additional work activity, undertaken through self-direction
14.               Spirits d corps
Management should encourage harmony and general good feelings among employees

How to Write Research Methodology

           What  is Research Methodology

Methodology is the systematic,theoretical analysis of the methods applied to field of study

Steps of Research Methodology

1, Explain your Methodological approach

2, Describe your method of Data Collection

3, Describe your Method of Data analysis

4, Evaluate and justify methodological choices

 ( Expatiation in video)

Tips for Writing a strong Methodology

Remember that your aim is not just to describe your method but to show how and why you applied

in methodology section should clearly show why your methods suit your objective

how you convince your reader

How you choose the best possible approach to answer your problems

Your methodology can be strength by reference.

Write for your audience

consider how much information you need

Don't go unnecessary detail

What is management

What is management?

Management: Management is the process of dealing with or controlling things and peoples.

Management: Management is the process of administrating and controlling affairs of the organization.

Management: working with human financial and physical resource to achieve organizational objective by performance.

Management: management is act of what to do. when to do. Where to do and see that it is done in the best and cheapest way

Function of Management .

Planning ( Developed  plan)

Planning means deciding in advance.

What to do. when to do .where to do. To achieve organizational goals.

Plan is future course of action to achieve desire goals

Planning is determination of course of action to achieve desire goals.

                       Organizing  ( Making structure )

According to henry Fayol. To organize  a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning. Raw material tools. Capital and personal.

It is the process of bargaining together. Physical. Financial and human resource and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals.

·      Identification of activities

·      Classification of grouping of activities

·      Assignment of duties

·      Delegation of authority

·      Creation of responsibility

·      Coordinating authority and responsibility relationship

 Staffing   ( Hire Qualified and Experiences employees)

Staffing is put right man on right job

According to Kootz & O’Donnell

Staffing involved managing the organization structure through proper and effective selection. Training appraisal and development of personnel to fill the rules designed to structure.

Staffing involve.

·      Right man on right job

·      Recruitment .selection and placement

·      Training and development

·      Remuneration ( Rewards. Salary .incentive)

·      Performance Appraisal.( to check performance of employees

·      Promotion and transfer

Directing

Direction is the inter-personnel aspect of management. Which deal with directly with influencing .guiding. Supervising .motivating .sub coordinating for achievement of organizational goals.

Directing has following elements.

·      Supervision

·      Motivation

·      Leadership

·      Communication

Supervision

It is act of watching and directing work and workers

Motivation

Inspiration. stimulating or encouraging the sub ordinates with zeal( extreme level) to work positive .negative .monetary.non monetary incentive may use be use for this purpose

Leadership

May be define as a process by which manager guide and influence the work of subordinates in desire direction

Communications

Is the process of passing information .experiance .opinio etc one person to another

Controlling

Controlling is the measurement and correction of performance .activities of subordinates

According ton Theo Heiman.

Controlling is the process of checking whether or not proper progress is being made toward the objective and goals and acting if necessary to correct any deviation

Controlling has following aspect

·      Established standard performance

·      Measurement of actual performance

·      Corrective action

https://youtu.be/UtCYq_gQyqQ

Difference between Recruitment and Selection.

Difference between Recruitment and Selection.

Recruitment

·       Means Searching for prospective candidate and inspiring them to applying for the post

Recruitment ends on the last day of receiving applications

Selection

·       Selection is the selecting the fixed number of suitable candidate from those who applied for the posts

·       Selection process starts as soon as recruitment ends

·       As per the need of the job

·       Recruitment considered applications received in due data. While selection considered no of most suitable candidates

Accounting Heads

                        Accounting Heads

What is Assets?

Assets are the resources owned and controlled by the business and company which provide expected future economic benefits.

·      Cash Resources

·      Building

·      Heavy machinery

·      Cash

·      Furniture

·      Merchandise inventory( stock)(Goods)(Trade Goods)

What is Expenditure?

Expenditure is the reduction in the value of an Assets as it is used to generate revenue.

e.g Building/ Repair something/Electronic bills.

·      Salaries/commission

·      Electronic Bill

·      Telephone Bill

·      Rent

·      Transport paid

·      Supplies/Stationary/pen/pages consumed

·      Advertising expense

What is Revenue?

Revenues are the amount that business earned from selling Goods and provided to services to customer.

·      Sales

·      Fee income

·      Commission Income

·      Consultancy/Service income

What is Liabilities?

Obligations (Liable to Pay)

Liabilities are the obligations of the company or amount pay to creditor

·      Account payable(Oral agreement)

·      Notes payable(Promissory note)(Written paper)

·      Loans/Bank Loan

·      Bank over draft

·      Accrued expense/takes service/payment outstanding expense

·      Unearned income/Before provide services

What is Owner’s equity?

Assets=Liababities+Ownwr”s equty